Asegurar que los errores retornen un Json

backend/app/Exceptions/Handler.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Exceptions;
 
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Access\AuthorizationException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
@@ -22,6 +23,15 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler {
     }
 
     public function render($request, Throwable $exception) {
-        return parent::render($request, $exception);
+        $rendered = parent::render($request, $exception);
+
+        if($rendered instanceof JsonResponse) {
+            return $rendered;
+        }
+
+        return response()->json([
+            'error' => $rendered->getStatusCode(),
+            'message' => $exception instanceof HttpException ? $exception->getMessage() : 'Server Error',
+        ], $rendered->getStatusCode());
     }
 }