Reorganizando codigo, otra vez :p

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -9,5 +9,8 @@
       <file path="$PROJECT_DIR$/vendor" />
       <file path="$PROJECT_DIR$/vendor/imgui" />
     </libraryRoots>
+    <excludeRoots>
+      <file path="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/old" />
+    </excludeRoots>
   </component>
 </project>

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME})
-target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE main.cpp
-        bitops.h
-        Graphics.cpp
-        Graphics.h
-        Chip8.cpp
-        Chip8.h
-        Interpreter.cpp
-        Interpreter.h
-        Chip8ControlPanel.cpp
-        Chip8ControlPanel.h
+target_sources(
+        ${PROJECT_NAME}
+        PRIVATE
+        main.cpp
+        Machine.h Machine.cpp
+        Interpreter/Interpreter.h Interpreter/Interpreter.cpp
+        Graphics/Graphics.h Graphics/Graphics.cpp
+        Graphics/Chip8Display.h Graphics/Chip8Display.cpp
 )
+
+
 target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE vendor)

src/Graphics/Chip8Display.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include "Chip8Display.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include <bits/ostream.tcc>
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "SDL3/SDL.h"
+
+void SDLTextureDestroyer::operator()(SDL_Texture* texture) const {
+    SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);
+}
+
+Chip8Display::Chip8Display(std::shared_ptr<MachineState> machine_state, SDL_Renderer& renderer):
+    machine_state{std::move(machine_state)},
+    renderer{renderer},
+    width(64),
+    height(32) {
+
+    SDL_Texture* raw_texture = SDL_CreateTexture(&renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA8888, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING, width, height);
+    this->texture = std::unique_ptr<SDL_Texture, SDLTextureDestroyer>(raw_texture);
+    SDL_SetTextureScaleMode(texture.get(), SDL_SCALEMODE_LINEAR);
+}
+
+void Chip8Display::render() const {
+    update_texture();
+    display_widget();
+}
+
+void Chip8Display::update() const {
+}
+
+void Chip8Display::update_texture() const {
+    SDL_Surface* surface = nullptr;
+    const auto& display = machine_state->display;
+
+    if (SDL_LockTextureToSurface(texture.get(), nullptr, &surface)) {
+        SDL_FillSurfaceRect(surface, nullptr, SDL_MapRGB(SDL_GetPixelFormatDetails(surface->format), nullptr, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < display.size(); i++) {
+            if (display[i]) {
+                const int x = (i % width);
+                const int y = (i / width);
+
+                SDL_Rect rect = {x, y, 1, 1};
+                Uint32 color = SDL_MapRGB(
+                    SDL_GetPixelFormatDetails(surface->format),
+                    nullptr,
+                    0,
+                    255,
+                    0
+                );
+
+                SDL_FillSurfaceRect(surface, &rect, color);
+            }
+        }
+        SDL_UnlockTexture(texture.get());
+    } else {
+        SDL_Log("Failed to lock texture: %s", SDL_GetError());
+    }
+}
+
+void Chip8Display::display_widget() const {
+    ImGui::Begin("CHIP-8 - Display");
+
+    const ImVec2 available_size = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail();
+
+    const int scale_x = static_cast<int>(static_cast<float>(available_size.x) / static_cast<float>(width));
+    const int scale_y = static_cast<int>(static_cast<float>(available_size.y) / static_cast<float>(height));
+    const int scale = std::max(1, std::min(scale_x, scale_y));
+    const ImVec2 scaled_size(static_cast<float>(width * scale), static_cast<float>(height * scale));
+
+    const ImVec2 cursor_pos = ImGui::GetCursorPos();
+    const ImVec2 center_offset((available_size.x - scaled_size.x) / 2, (available_size.y - scaled_size.y) / 2);
+    ImGui::SetCursorPos(ImVec2(cursor_pos.x + center_offset.x, cursor_pos.y + center_offset.y));
+
+    ImGui::Image((ImTextureID)((intptr_t)texture.get()), scaled_size);
+    ImGui::End();
+}

src/Graphics/Chip8Display.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef CHIP8DISPLAY_H
+#define CHIP8DISPLAY_H
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "../Interpreter/MachineState.h"
+#include "SDL3/SDL.h"
+
+struct SDLTextureDestroyer {
+    void operator()(SDL_Texture* texture) const;
+};
+
+class Chip8Display {
+    std::shared_ptr<MachineState> machine_state;
+    SDL_Renderer& renderer;
+
+    int width;
+    int height;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<SDL_Texture, SDLTextureDestroyer> texture;
+
+    void update_texture() const;
+    void display_widget() const;
+
+public:
+    Chip8Display(
+        std::shared_ptr<MachineState> machine_state,
+        SDL_Renderer& renderer
+    );
+
+    void update() const;
+    void render() const;
+};
+
+
+#endif //CHIP8DISPLAY_H

src/Graphics/Graphics.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "Graphics.h"
+
+#include <format>
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "imgui_impl_sdl3.h"
+#include "imgui_impl_sdlrenderer3.h"
+
+void SDLWindowDestroyer::operator()(SDL_Window* window) const {
+    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
+}
+
+void SDLRendererDestroyer::operator()(SDL_Renderer* renderer) const {
+    SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
+}
+
+Graphics::Graphics(): window_width{1920}, window_height{1080}, main_scale{1.0f} {
+    create_sdl();
+    create_imgui();
+}
+
+void Graphics::create_sdl() {
+    SDL_SetAppMetadata("CHIP-8 Emulator", "0.0.1", "fun.skrd.chip8");
+
+    if (!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(std::format("Couldn't initialize SDL: {}", SDL_GetError()));
+    }
+
+    SDL_Window* raw_window = nullptr;
+    SDL_Renderer* raw_renderer = nullptr;
+
+    main_scale = SDL_GetDisplayContentScale(SDL_GetPrimaryDisplay());
+    SDL_WindowFlags window_flags = SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE | SDL_WINDOW_HIDDEN | SDL_WINDOW_HIGH_PIXEL_DENSITY;
+
+    if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer(
+        "CHIP-8 Emulator",
+        window_width * main_scale,
+        window_height * main_scale,
+        window_flags,
+        &raw_window,
+        &raw_renderer
+    )) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(std::format("Couldn't create window/renderer: {}", SDL_GetError()));
+    }
+
+    window = std::unique_ptr<SDL_Window, SDLWindowDestroyer>(raw_window);
+    renderer = std::unique_ptr<SDL_Renderer, SDLRendererDestroyer>(raw_renderer);
+
+    SDL_SetRenderVSync(renderer.get(), 1);
+    SDL_SetWindowPosition(window.get(), SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED);
+    SDL_ShowWindow(window.get());
+}
+
+void Graphics::create_imgui() {
+    IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
+    ImGui::CreateContext();
+
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard;
+    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable;
+
+    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+    ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+    style.ScaleAllSizes(main_scale);
+    style.FontScaleDpi = main_scale;
+
+    ImGui_ImplSDL3_InitForSDLRenderer(window.get(), renderer.get());
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer3_Init(renderer.get());
+}
+
+SDL_Renderer& Graphics::get_renderer() {
+    return *renderer;
+}
+
+
+void Graphics::start_render() {
+    if (SDL_GetWindowFlags(window.get()) & SDL_WINDOW_MINIMIZED) {
+        SDL_Delay(10);
+    }
+
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer3_NewFrame();
+    ImGui_ImplSDL3_NewFrame();
+    ImGui::NewFrame();
+    ImGui::DockSpaceOverViewport(0, ImGui::GetMainViewport());
+}
+
+void Graphics::end_render() {
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+
+    ImGui::Render();
+    SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer.get(), io.DisplayFramebufferScale.x, io.DisplayFramebufferScale.y);
+    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer.get(), 0, 0, 0, 0xFF);
+    SDL_RenderClear(renderer.get());
+
+    ImGui_ImplSDLRenderer3_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), renderer.get());
+    SDL_RenderPresent(renderer.get());
+}

src/Graphics/Graphics.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef GRAPHICS_H
+#define GRAPHICS_H
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "Chip8Display.h"
+#include "SDL3/SDL.h"
+
+struct SDLWindowDestroyer {
+    void operator()(SDL_Window* window) const;
+};
+
+struct SDLRendererDestroyer {
+    void operator()(SDL_Renderer* renderer) const;
+};
+
+class Graphics {
+    int window_width;
+    int window_height;
+    float main_scale;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<SDL_Window, SDLWindowDestroyer> window;
+    std::unique_ptr<SDL_Renderer, SDLRendererDestroyer> renderer;
+
+    void create_sdl();
+    void create_imgui();
+public:
+    Graphics();
+
+    void start_render();
+    void end_render();
+    SDL_Renderer& get_renderer();
+};
+
+#endif //GRAPHICS_H

src/Interpreter/Instruction.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef INSTRUCTION_H
+#define INSTRUCTION_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "OpCode.h"
+
+struct Instruction {
+    OpCode op_code;
+    uint8_t operation;
+    uint16_t instruction;
+    uint8_t x;
+    uint8_t y;
+    uint8_t n;
+    uint8_t kk;
+    uint16_t nnn;
+};
+
+#endif //INSTRUCTION_H

src/Interpreter/Interpreter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <random>
+
+Interpreter::Interpreter(std::shared_ptr<MachineState> machine_state):
+    machine_state{std::move(machine_state)},
+    random_generator{std::random_device{}()} {}
+
+void Interpreter::tick() {
+    const uint8_t high_word = machine_state->memory[machine_state->pc];
+    const uint8_t low_word = machine_state->memory[machine_state->pc + 1];
+    const uint16_t word = high_word << 8 | low_word;
+
+    const auto instruction = decode(word);
+    machine_state->pc += 2;
+    execute_instruction(instruction);
+
+    if (machine_state->pc >= 0xFFF) {
+        std::cout << "PC Outside of memory, going back 0x200" << std::endl;
+        machine_state->pc = 0x200;
+    }
+}
+
+Instruction Interpreter::decode(const uint16_t word) {
+    const uint8_t operation = (word & 0xF000) >> 12;
+    const uint8_t x = (word & 0x0F00) >> 8;
+    const uint8_t y = (word & 0x00F0) >> 4;
+    const uint8_t n = word & 0x000F;
+    const uint8_t kk = word & 0x00FF;
+    const uint16_t nnn = word & 0x0FFF;
+
+    auto op_code = OpCode::NOP;
+
+    if (operation == 0) {
+        if (kk == 0xE0) {
+            op_code = OpCode::CLS;
+        } else if (kk == 0xEE) {
+            op_code = OpCode::RET;
+        } else {
+            op_code = OpCode::SYS_ADDR;
+        }
+    } else if (operation == 1) {
+        op_code = OpCode::JP_ADDR;
+    } else if (operation == 2) {
+        op_code = OpCode::CALL_ADDR;
+    } else if (operation == 3) {
+        op_code = OpCode::SE_VX_BYTE;
+    } else if (operation == 4) {
+        op_code = OpCode::SNE_VX_BYTE;
+    } else if (operation == 5) {
+        op_code = OpCode::SE_VX_VY;
+    } else if (operation == 6) {
+        op_code = OpCode::LD_VX_BYTE;
+    } else if (operation == 7) {
+        op_code = OpCode::ADD_VX_BYTE;
+    } else if (operation == 8) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 1) {
+            op_code = OpCode::OR_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 2) {
+            op_code = OpCode::AND_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 3) {
+            op_code = OpCode::XOR_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 4) {
+            op_code = OpCode::ADD_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 5) {
+            op_code = OpCode::SUB_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 6) {
+            op_code = OpCode::SHR_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 7) {
+            op_code = OpCode::SUBN_VX_VY;
+        } else if (n == 0xE) {
+            op_code = OpCode::SHL_VX_VY;
+        }
+    } else if (operation == 9) {
+        op_code = OpCode::SNE_VX_VY;
+    } else if (operation == 0xA) {
+        op_code = OpCode::LD_I_ADDR;
+    } else if (operation == 0xB) {
+        op_code = OpCode::JP_V0_ADDR;
+    } else if (operation == 0xC) {
+        op_code = OpCode::RND_VX_BYTE;
+    } else if (operation == 0xD) {
+        op_code = OpCode::DRW_VX_VY_NIBBLE;
+    } else if (operation == 0xE) {
+        if (kk == 0x9E) {
+            op_code = OpCode::SKP_VX;
+        } else if (kk == 0xA1) {
+            op_code = OpCode::SKNP_VX;
+        }
+    } else if (operation == 0xF) {
+        if (kk == 0x07) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_VX_DT;
+        } else if (kk == 0x0A) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_VX_K;
+        } else if (kk == 0x15) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_DT_VX;
+        } else if (kk == 0x18) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_ST_VX;
+        } else if (kk == 0x1E) {
+            op_code = OpCode::ADD_I_VX;
+        } else if (kk == 0x29) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_F_VX;
+        } else if (kk == 0x33) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_B_VX;
+        } else if (kk == 0x55) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_I_VX;
+        } else if (kk == 0x65) {
+            op_code = OpCode::LD_VX_I;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Instruction{
+        .op_code = op_code,
+        .operation = operation,
+        .instruction = word,
+        .x = x,
+        .y = y,
+        .n = n,
+        .kk = kk,
+        .nnn = nnn
+    };
+}
+
+void Interpreter::execute_instruction(const Instruction& instruction) {
+    if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::CLS) cls();
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::RET) ret();
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SYS_ADDR) sys_addr();
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::JP_ADDR) jp_addr(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::CALL_ADDR) call_addr(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SE_VX_BYTE) se_vx_byte(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SNE_VX_BYTE) sne_vx_byte(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SE_VX_VY) se_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_VX_BYTE) ld_vx_byte(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::ADD_VX_BYTE) add_vx_byte(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_VX_VY) ld_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::OR_VX_VY) or_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::AND_VX_VY) and_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::XOR_VX_VY) xor_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::ADD_VX_VY) add_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SUB_VX_VY) sub_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SHR_VX_VY) shr_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SUBN_VX_VY) subn_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SHL_VX_VY) shl_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SNE_VX_VY) sne_vx_vy(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_I_ADDR) ld_i_addr(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::JP_V0_ADDR) jp_v0_addr(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::RND_VX_BYTE) rnd_vx_byte(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::DRW_VX_VY_NIBBLE) drw_vx_vy_nibble(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SKP_VX) skp_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::SKNP_VX) sknp_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_VX_DT) ld_vx_dt(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_VX_K) ld_vx_k(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_DT_VX) ld_dt_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_ST_VX) ld_st_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::ADD_I_VX) add_i_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_F_VX) ld_f_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_B_VX) ld_b_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_I_VX) ld_i_vx(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::LD_VX_I) ld_vx_i(instruction);
+    else if (instruction.op_code == OpCode::NOP) nop();
+}
+
+
+void Interpreter::sys_addr() {
+    // NOP
+}
+
+void Interpreter::nop() {
+    // NOP
+}
+
+void Interpreter::cls() const {
+    machine_state->display.fill(false);
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ret() const {
+    machine_state->sp -= 1;
+    machine_state->pc = machine_state->stack[machine_state->sp];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::jp_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->pc = instruction.nnn;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::call_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->stack[machine_state->sp] = machine_state->pc;
+    machine_state->sp += 1;
+    machine_state->pc = instruction.nnn;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::se_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (machine_state->v[instruction.x] == instruction.kk) {
+        machine_state->pc += 2;
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::sne_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (machine_state->v[instruction.x] != instruction.kk) {
+        machine_state->pc += 2;
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::se_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (machine_state->v[instruction.x] == machine_state->v[instruction.y]) {
+        machine_state->pc += 2;
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] = instruction.kk;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::add_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] += instruction.kk;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] = machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::or_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] |= machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::and_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] &= machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::xor_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] ^= machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::add_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    auto& vx = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    const auto& vy = machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+    auto& vf = machine_state->v[0xF];
+
+    if (vx + vy > 0xFF) {
+        vf = 1;
+    } else {
+        vf = 0;
+    }
+
+    vx += vy;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::sub_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    auto& vx = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    const auto& vy = machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+    auto& vf = machine_state->v[0xF];
+
+    if (vx > vy) {
+        vf = 1;
+    } else {
+        vf = 0;
+    }
+
+    vx -= vy;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::shr_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    auto& vx = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    const auto& vy = machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+    auto& vf = machine_state->v[0xF];
+
+    if (quirks & static_cast<uint8_t>(InterpreterQuirks::COSMAC_SHIFT)) {
+        vx = vy;
+    }
+
+    if (vx & 0x01) {
+        vf = 1;
+    } else {
+        vf = 0;
+    }
+
+    vx = vx >> 1;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::subn_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    auto& vx = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    const auto& vy = machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+    auto& vf = machine_state->v[0xF];
+
+    if (vy > vx) {
+        vf = 1;
+    } else {
+        vf = 0;
+    }
+
+    vx = vy - vx;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::shl_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    auto& vx = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    const auto& vy = machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+    auto& vf = machine_state->v[0xF];
+
+    if (quirks & static_cast<uint8_t>(InterpreterQuirks::COSMAC_SHIFT)) {
+        vx = vy;
+    }
+
+    if (vx & 0x80) {
+        vf = 1;
+    } else {
+        vf = 0;
+    }
+
+    vx = vx << 1;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::sne_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (machine_state->v[instruction.x] != machine_state->v[instruction.y]) {
+        machine_state->pc += 2;
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_i_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->i = instruction.nnn;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::jp_v0_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (quirks & static_cast<uint8_t>(InterpreterQuirks::SUPER_CHIP_JUMP)) {
+        machine_state->pc = instruction.nnn + machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    } else {
+        machine_state->pc = instruction.nnn + machine_state->v[0];
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::rnd_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) {
+    auto random = std::uniform_int_distribution<uint8_t>(0, 0xFF);
+    const auto value = random(random_generator);
+
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] = value & instruction.kk;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::drw_vx_vy_nibble(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    const auto& memory = machine_state->memory;
+    auto& display = machine_state->display;
+    const auto& vx = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    const auto& vy = machine_state->v[instruction.y];
+    auto& vf = machine_state->v[0xF];
+
+    const uint8_t start_x = vx & 63;
+    const uint8_t start_y = vy & 31;
+    vf = 0;
+
+    for (auto row = 0; row < instruction.n; row++) {
+        const auto current_y = start_y + row;
+
+        if (current_y > 31) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        const auto sprite_byte = memory[machine_state->i + row];
+
+        for (auto bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++) {
+            const auto current_x = start_x + bit;
+
+            if (current_x > 63) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            const auto pixel = sprite_byte >> (7 - bit) & 0x01;
+            const auto index = current_y * 64 + current_x;
+
+            if (pixel) {
+                if (display[index]) {
+                    display[index] = false;
+                    vf = 1;
+                } else {
+                    display[index] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::skp_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (machine_state->keyboard & 1 << instruction.x) {
+        machine_state->pc += 2;
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::sknp_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (!(machine_state->keyboard & 1 << instruction.x)) {
+        machine_state->pc += 2;
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_vx_dt(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->v[instruction.x] = machine_state->dt;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_vx_k(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    if (machine_state->keyboard == 0) {
+        machine_state->pc -= 2;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (auto key = 0; key < 16; key++) {
+        if (machine_state->keyboard & 1 << key) {
+            machine_state->v[instruction.x] = key;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_dt_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->dt = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_st_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->st = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::add_i_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->i += machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_f_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    machine_state->i = (machine_state->v[instruction.x] & 0xF) * 5 + 0x50;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_b_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    const auto number = machine_state->v[instruction.x];
+    machine_state->memory[machine_state->i] = number / 100;
+    machine_state->memory[machine_state->i + 1] = (number - machine_state->memory[machine_state->i] * 100) / 10;
+    machine_state->memory[machine_state->i + 2] = number - machine_state->memory[machine_state->i] * 100 - machine_state->memory[machine_state->i + 1] * 10;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_i_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    const bool use_quirk = quirks & static_cast<uint8_t>(InterpreterQuirks::COSMAC_STORE_AND_LOAD);
+
+    for (auto reg = 0; reg <= instruction.x; reg++) {
+        if (use_quirk) {
+            machine_state->memory[machine_state->i] = machine_state->v[reg];
+            machine_state->i++;
+        } else {
+            machine_state->memory[machine_state->i + reg] = machine_state->v[reg];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Interpreter::ld_vx_i(const Instruction& instruction) const {
+    const bool use_quirk = quirks & static_cast<uint8_t>(InterpreterQuirks::COSMAC_STORE_AND_LOAD);
+
+    for (auto reg = 0; reg <= instruction.x; reg++) {
+        if (use_quirk) {
+            machine_state->v[reg] = machine_state->memory[machine_state->i];
+            machine_state->i++;
+        } else {
+            machine_state->v[reg] = machine_state->memory[machine_state->i + reg];
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Interpreter/Interpreter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#ifndef INTERPRETER_H
+#define INTERPRETER_H
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <random>
+
+#include "Instruction.h"
+#include "MachineState.h"
+
+enum class InterpreterQuirks {
+    COSMAC_SHIFT = 1 << 0,
+    SUPER_CHIP_JUMP = 1 << 1,
+    COSMAC_STORE_AND_LOAD = 1 << 2,
+};
+
+class Interpreter {
+    std::shared_ptr<MachineState> machine_state;
+    std::mt19937 random_generator;
+
+    uint8_t quirks = 0;
+
+    static Instruction decode(uint16_t word);
+    void execute_instruction(const Instruction& instruction);
+
+    static void sys_addr();
+    static void nop();
+    void cls() const;
+    void ret() const;
+    void jp_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void call_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void se_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void sne_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void se_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void add_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void or_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void and_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void xor_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void add_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void sub_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void shr_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void subn_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void shl_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void sne_vx_vy(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_i_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void jp_v0_addr(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void rnd_vx_byte(const Instruction& instruction);
+    void drw_vx_vy_nibble(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void skp_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void sknp_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_vx_dt(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_vx_k(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_dt_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_st_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void add_i_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_f_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_b_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_i_vx(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+    void ld_vx_i(const Instruction& instruction) const;
+
+public:
+    explicit Interpreter(std::shared_ptr<MachineState> machine_state);
+
+    void tick();
+};
+
+
+
+#endif //INTERPRETER_H

src/Interpreter/OpCode.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef OPCODE_H
+#define OPCODE_H
+
+enum class OpCode {
+    CLS, // 00E0 - CLS
+    RET, // 00EE - RET
+    SYS_ADDR, // 0nnn - SYS addr
+    JP_ADDR, // 1nnn - JP addr
+    CALL_ADDR, // 2nnn - CALL addr
+    SE_VX_BYTE, // 3xkk - SE Vx, byte
+    SNE_VX_BYTE, // 4xkk - SNE Vx, byte
+    SE_VX_VY, // 5xy0 - SE Vx, Vy
+    LD_VX_BYTE, // 6xkk - LD Vx, byte
+    ADD_VX_BYTE, // 7xkk - ADD Vx, byte
+    LD_VX_VY, // 8xy0 - LD Vx, Vy
+    OR_VX_VY, // 8xy1 - OR Vx, Vy
+    AND_VX_VY, // 8xy2 - AND Vx, Vy
+    XOR_VX_VY, // 8xy3 - XOR Vx, Vy
+    ADD_VX_VY, // 8xy4 - ADD Vx, Vy
+    SUB_VX_VY, // 8xy5 - SUB Vx, Vy
+    SHR_VX_VY, // 8xy6 - SHR Vx {, Vy}
+    SUBN_VX_VY, // 8xy7 - SUBN Vx, Vy
+    SHL_VX_VY, // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}
+    SNE_VX_VY, // 9xy0 - SNE Vx, Vy
+    LD_I_ADDR, // Annn - LD I, addr
+    JP_V0_ADDR, // Bnnn - JP V0, addr
+    RND_VX_BYTE, // Cxkk - RND Vx, byte
+    DRW_VX_VY_NIBBLE, // Dxyn - DRW Vx, Vy, nibble
+    SKP_VX, // Ex9E - SKP Vx
+    SKNP_VX, // ExA1 - SKNP Vx
+    LD_VX_DT, // Fx07 - LD Vx, DT
+    LD_VX_K, // Fx0A - LD Vx, K
+    LD_DT_VX, // Fx15 - LD DT, Vx
+    LD_ST_VX, // Fx18 - LD ST, Vx
+    ADD_I_VX, // Fx1E - ADD I, Vx
+    LD_F_VX, // Fx29 - LD F, Vx
+    LD_B_VX, // Fx33 - LD B, Vx
+    LD_I_VX, // Fx55 - LD [I], Vx
+    LD_VX_I, // Fx65 - LD Vx, [I]
+    NOP, // INVALID OPERATION
+};
+
+#endif //OPCODE_H

src/Machine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "Machine.h"
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "imgui_impl_sdl3.h"
+
+Machine::Machine():
+    machine_state{std::make_shared<MachineState>()},
+    interpreter{std::make_unique<Interpreter>(machine_state)},
+    graphics{std::make_unique<Graphics>()},
+    chip8_display{std::make_unique<Chip8Display>(machine_state, graphics->get_renderer())},
+    ips{700},
+    last_update_time{0},
+    accumulator{0} {}
+
+void Machine::iterate() {
+    execute_interpreter();
+
+    chip8_display->update();
+
+    graphics->start_render();
+    ImGui::ShowDemoWindow();
+    chip8_display->render();
+    graphics->end_render();
+}
+
+bool Machine::on_event(const SDL_Event* event) {
+    ImGui_ImplSDL3_ProcessEvent(event);
+
+    if (event->type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Machine::execute_interpreter() {
+    const auto target_cycle_time = 1.0 / ips;
+    const auto current_time = SDL_GetTicks();
+    const auto delta_time = static_cast<double>(current_time - last_update_time) / 1000.0;
+    last_update_time = current_time;
+    accumulator += delta_time;
+
+    // ReSharper disable once CppDFALoopConditionNotUpdated
+    while (accumulator >= target_cycle_time) {
+        interpreter->tick();
+        accumulator -= target_cycle_time;
+    }
+}

src/Machine.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef MACHINE_H
+#define MACHINE_H
+
+#include "Graphics/Chip8Display.h"
+#include "Graphics/Graphics.h"
+#include "Interpreter/Interpreter.h"
+#include "SDL3/SDL_events.h"
+
+class Machine {
+    std::shared_ptr<MachineState> machine_state;
+    std::unique_ptr<Interpreter> interpreter;
+    std::unique_ptr<Graphics> graphics;
+    std::unique_ptr<Chip8Display> chip8_display;
+
+    int ips;
+    uint64_t last_update_time;
+    double accumulator;
+
+void execute_interpreter();
+
+public:
+    Machine();
+    void iterate();
+    static bool on_event(const SDL_Event* event);
+};
+
+#endif //MACHINE_H

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,53 +1,34 @@
 #define SDL_MAIN_USE_CALLBACKS 1
-#include <iostream>
-#include <bits/ostream.tcc>
 #include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
 
-#include "Chip8.h"
-#include "imgui.h"
-#include "imgui_impl_sdl3.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include "Machine.h"
 
 SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int argc, char* argv[]) {
-    const auto chip8 = new Chip8();
-    *appstate = chip8;
-
-    if (!chip8->init()) {
-        return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    int num_keys;
-    const bool* kb_state = SDL_GetKeyboardState(&num_keys);
-    const std::span kb_state_view(kb_state, num_keys);
-    chip8->set_keyboard_state(kb_state_view);
+    auto machine = std::make_unique<Machine>();
+    *appstate = machine.release();
 
     return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate) {
-    const auto chip8 = static_cast<Chip8*>(appstate);
+    const auto machine = static_cast<Machine*>(appstate);
+
+    machine->iterate();
 
-    chip8->update();
     return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 SDL_AppResult SDL_AppEvent(void* appstate, SDL_Event* event) {
-    const auto chip8 = static_cast<Chip8*>(appstate);
+    const auto machine = static_cast<Machine*>(appstate);
 
-    ImGui_ImplSDL3_ProcessEvent(event);
-
-    if (event->type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT) {
+    if (!machine->on_event(event)) {
         return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    if (event->type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
-        chip8->on_keydown(event->key.scancode);
-    }
-
-
     return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, SDL_AppResult result) {
-    const auto chip8 = static_cast<Chip8*>(appstate);
-    delete chip8;
+    std::unique_ptr<Machine> chip8(static_cast<Machine*>(appstate));
 }

src/old/Chip8.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "Chip8.h"
+#include "../Chip8.h"
 
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <format>
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void Chip8::load_keyboard() {
 }
 
 
-void Chip8::update() {
+void Chip8::iterate() {
     load_keyboard();
 
     std::stringstream buffer;

src/old/Chip8.h

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public:
 
     bool init();
 
-    void update();
+    void iterate();
 
     std::vector<uint8_t> read_rom(const std::string& path);
 

src/old/Chip8ControlPanel.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "Chip8ControlPanel.h"
+#include "../Chip8ControlPanel.h"
 
 #include <format>
 

src/old/Graphics.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Created by ryuuji on 6/20/25.
 //
 
-#include "Graphics.h"
+#include "../Graphics.h"
 #include "Chip8ControlPanel.h"
 
 #include <array>

src/old/Interpreter.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "../Interpreter.h"
 
 #include <format>
 #include <iomanip>

src/old/Interpreter.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <random>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "MachineState.h"
+#include "../MachineState.h"
 
 enum class InterpreterQuirks {
     COSMAC_SHIFT = 1 << 0,